Engineering: Unix Vs Linux

What is Linux?

By now you would have got a fair idea about Unix. Let’s now explore Linux in detail.

how are Unix and Linux related

People do confuse a lot between the terms Unix and Linux and they generally ask questions like “Is Unix Different from Linux?” / “Are Linux and Unix the same thing?” / “Is Linux like Unix?”/ “Is Linux built on Unix?”.

Here is the answer to all such questions. First, let me clear your confusion in a one-liner. Linux and Unix are different but they do have a relationship with each other as Linux is derived from Unix.

Linux is not Unix, but it is a Unix-like operating system. Linux system is derived from Unix and it is a continuation of the basis of Unix design. Linux distributions are the most famous and healthiest example of the direct Unix derivatives. BSD (Berkley Software Distribution) is also an example of a Unix derivative.

At this juncture, we need to make you clear about what is Unix-like?

A Unix-like OS (also called UN*X or *nix) is the one that works in a way similar to Unix systems, however, they don't need to conform to Single UNIX Specification (SUS) or similar POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) standard.

SUS is a standard that is required to be met for any OS to qualify for using the ‘UNIX’ trademark. This trademark is granted by ‘The Open Group’.

Few Examples of currently registered UNIX systems include macOS, Solaris, and AIX. If we consider the POSIX system, then Linux can be regarded as Unix-like OS.

As per the Linux kernel official README file, Linux is a UNIX clone that is developed from scratch by Linus Torvalds and the team. It targets POSIX compliance. The Linux kernel code was completely written from scratch. It is designed in such a way so that it acts like Unix but it does not have the original Unix code in it.

It is also significant to note that Linux is just the kernel and not the complete OS. This Linux kernel is generally packaged in Linux distributions which thereby makes it a complete OS.

Thus, Linux is only the Kernel, while Linux distributions can be treated as the OS. On the other hand, UNIX in itself is a complete OS as everything (all required applications tied together) comes from a single vendor. For Example, Solaris.

Linux distribution (also called a distro in short) is an operating system that is created from a collection of software built upon the Linux Kernel and is a package management system.

A standard Linux distribution consists of a Linux kernel, GNU system, GNU utilities, libraries, compiler, additional software, documentation, a window system, window manager, and a desktop environment.

Most of the software included in Linux distribution is free and open source. They may include some proprietary software like binary blobs which is essential for a few device drivers.

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